Every organisation in operation will usually incur costs of different kinds. Costs can be logically grouped in different ways. The particular grouping selected will depend on the purpose for which the resulting analysed data is intended to be used. Different forms of accounts will require accounting records and costs to be classified in different ways … Read More

A bonus payment is an extra payment made to an employee as a reward. The basicprinciple of a bonus payment is that the employee is rewarded for any additionalincome generated or savings in cost to the organisation. Bonuses may be paid to employees for a variety of reasons. An individual employee, adepartment, a division or … Read More

This gives the employee some security if the employer does not provide enough workin a particular period. The way that system works is that if an employee’s earnings forthe amount of units produced in the period are lower than the guaranteed amount thenthe guaranteed amount will be paid to the employee. Illustration: Fernando is paid … Read More

This is also known as payment by results or piecework. This is a direct alternative totime related pay. Employees paid under an output related pay method are paid a fixedamount per unit of output achieved, irrespective of the time spent in production. As far as an employee is concerned, payment by results means that they … Read More

This is the amount over and above the normal hourly rate that employees are paid forovertime hours worked. It is common to be paid an enhanced rate for any overtimehours worked, for example, an individual may be paid £20 per hour and any overtimehours worked can be paid at time and a half rate, this … Read More

Employees paid under a time related pay method are paid for the hours that theyspend at work regardless if the amount of production and output that they achievewithin that time. Time related pay employees can be split into salaried employeeswho may be paid monthly or weekly for a specified number of hours per week orhourly … Read More

Absorption of overheads is the process by which the total cost of a production centre is charged to the cost units within that centre. Absorption of overheads is charged to cost units based on an absorption rate and this is calculated at the beginning of the period based on budgeted activity and budgeted overheads. There … Read More

Costs can be classified in 4 ways – by function, by element, by nature and by behaviour. Classification of costs by function: Production costs- this is also known as “cost of sales”. This category would include production labour costs, materials, factory supervisor salaries, factory rent. These are any costs which are directly linked with organisations … Read More